論語
先进

第293章

11.26
原文
()()(céng)()(rǎn)(yǒu)(gōng)西()(huá)(shì)(zuò)()(yuē)()()()()(cháng)()(ěr)()()()()()()(yuē)()()(zhī)()"()(huò)(zhī)(ěr)()()()(zāi)"()()()(ěr)(ér)(duì)(yuē)(qiān)(chéng)(zhī)(guó)(shè)()()(guó)(zhī)(jiān)(jiā)(zhī)()(shī)()(yīn)(zhī)()()(jǐn)(yóu)()(wèi)(zhī)()()(sān)(nián)()使(shǐ)(yǒu)(yǒng)(qiě)(zhī)(fāng)()"()()(shěn)(zhī) (qiú)(ěr)()()"(duì)(yuē)(fāng)(liù)()(shí)()()(liù)(shí)10(qiú)()(wèi)(zhī)()()(sān)(nián)()使(shǐ)()(mín)()()()()()()(jūn)() (chì)(ěr)()()"(duì)(yuē)(fēi)(yuē)(néng)(zhī)(yuàn)(xué)(yān)(zōng)(miào)(zhī)(shì)()(huì)(tóng)(duān)(zhāng)()11(yuàn)(wèi)(xiǎo)(xiāng)(yān)12 (diǎn)(ěr)()()"()()()13(kēng)(ěr)(shè)()(ér)(zuò)14(duì)(yuē)()()(sān)()(zhě)(zhī)(zhuàn)15"()(yuē)()(shāng)()()()(yán)()(zhì)()(yuē)()(chūn)(zhě)16(chūn)()()(chéng)(guān)(zhě)()(liù)(rén)(tóng)()(liù)()(rén)()()()17(fēng)()()()18(yǒng)(ér)(guī)"()()(kuì)(rán)(tàn)(yuē)19()()(diǎn)()20"(sān)()(zhě)(chū)(céng)()(hòu)(céng)()(yuē)()(sān)()(zhě)(zhī)(yán)()()()(yuē)()()()(yán)()(zhì)()()()(yuē)'()()()(shěn)(yóu)()(yuē)(wèi)(guó)()()()(yán)()(ràng)(shì)()(shěn)(zhī)(wéi)(qiú)()(fēi)(bāng)()()21(ān)(jiàn)(fāng)(liù)()(shí)()()(liù)(shí)(ér)(fēi)(bāng)()(zhě)(wéi)(chì)()(fēi)(bāng)()()(zōng)(miào)(huì)(tóng)(fēi)(zhū)(hóu)(ér)()(chì)()(wèi)(zhī)(xiǎo)22(shú)(néng)(wèi)(zhī)()
译文
子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华陪侍孔子而坐。孔子说:「因为我年纪比你们大一些,你们不要因此就拘谨,不敢说话。你们平日里常说:'没有人了解我!'如果有人真的了解你们,你们打算怎么做呢?」 子路急切地答道:「一个有千辆兵车的国家,夹处于几个大国之间,外有军队侵扰,内有饥荒困苦,如果让我来治理,等到三年,可以使百姓勇敢无畏,而且懂得道义。」孔子微微一笑。 「冉有,你怎么样呢?」冉有答道:「一个方圆六七十里、或者五六十里的小国,如果让我来治理,等到三年,可以使百姓衣食充足。至于礼乐教化,那就有待君子了。」 「公西赤,你怎么样呢?」公西华答道:「我不敢说能够做好,只是愿意学习。宗庙祭祀之事,或者诸侯会盟朝见,我愿意穿着礼服礼帽,做一个小小的司仪。」 「曾点,你怎么样呢?」这时曾皙弹瑟的声音渐渐稀疏下来,铿的一声,放下瑟,站起身来,答道:「我的志向和这三位说的不同。」孔子说:「那有什么关系呢?不过是各自说说自己的志向罢了。」曾皙说:「暮春时节,春衣已经穿上,约上五六位成年人,六七个少年,在沂水边沐浴,在舞雩台上迎风,一路唱着歌回家。」孔子长叹一声说:「我赞同曾点的想法啊!」 三个人出去了,曾皙留在后面。曾皙问道:「那三位的话怎么样?」孔子说:「也不过是各自说说自己的志向罢了。」曾皙说:「先生为什么要笑由呢?」孔子说:「治国应当以礼,他的话却毫不谦让,所以笑他。」「那么冉有说的难道不是治国之事吗?」「哪里见得方圆六七十里或五六十里就不算是一个国家了呢?」「那公西赤说的难道也不是治国之事吗?」「宗庙祭祀、诸侯会盟,不是诸侯国之事又是什么?公西赤自谦只愿做个小相,那谁又能做大相呢?」
ENGLISH

Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gongxi Hua were seated in attendance. The Master said, "Do not be constrained by the fact that I am a day older than you. You often say among yourselves, 'No one appreciates what I am worth.' But suppose someone did appreciate you — what would you do?" Zilu answered without hesitation: "Take a state of a thousand chariots, hemmed in between great powers, beset by invading armies and further afflicted by famine — if you gave me such a state to govern, within three years I could give the people courage and a sense of what is right." The Master smiled at this. "And you, Qiu — what would you do?" Ran You replied, "Give me a territory of sixty or seventy li — or perhaps fifty or sixty li — and within three years I could ensure the people had enough to live on. As for rites and music, I would leave that to a true gentleman." "And you, Chi — what would you do?" Gongxi Hua replied, "I dare not claim I am capable, but I am willing to learn. At ceremonies in the ancestral temple, or at the great assemblies of the lords, I would be glad to serve as a minor assistant, wearing my ritual robes and cap." "And you, Dian — what would you do?" The sounds of the se grew sparse, and then — plang — he set the instrument aside, rose to his feet, and replied, "My wish is different from those of the other three." The Master said, "What harm is there in that? Let each man speak his heart." Zeng Xi said, "In late spring, when the spring garments have been made, I would go with five or six young men and six or seven boys to bathe in the River Yi, enjoy the breeze on the Rain Altar, and then sing our way home." The Master heaved a long sigh and said, "I am with Dian!" The other three went out, and Zeng Xi remained behind. He asked, "What did you think of what those three said?" The Master replied, "Each simply spoke his own wish." "Then why did you smile at You?" The Master said, "A state should be governed with ritual propriety, yet his words showed not a trace of modesty — that is why I smiled." "But was what Qiu described not a matter of governing a state?" "Where has it ever been shown that a territory of sixty or seventy li, or fifty or sixty li, is not a state?" "And was what Chi described not a matter of governing a state?" "Ancestral rites and princely assemblies — what are these if not the affairs of the feudal lords? And if Chi is fit only to serve as a minor assistant, who then is fit to serve as a great one?"

注释
展开注释
①曾皙:名点,字子皙,曾参的父亲,也是孔子的学生。 ②以:认为。尔:你们。 ③居:平日。 ④率尔:轻率,急切。 ⑤摄:迫近。 ⑥因:仍,继。饥馑(jǐn):饥荒。 ⑦比及:等到。 ⑧方:方向,指道义。 ⑨哂(shěn).讥讽的微笑。 (10)如.或者。 (11)端.玄端,古代礼服的名称。章甫:古代礼帽的名称。 (12)相(xiàng):傧相,祭祀和会盟时主持赞礼和司仪的官。相有卿、大夫、士三级,小相是最低的士一级。 (13)希.可",指弹瑟的速度放慢,节奏逐渐稀疏。 (14)作.站起来。 (15)异乎:不同于。撰(zhuàn):具,述。 (16)莫(mù)春:夏历三月。莫,同"。 (17)沂(yí):水名,发源于山东南部,流经江苏北部人海 (18)风.迎风纳凉。舞雩(yú):地名,原是祭天求雨的地方,在今山东曲阜。 (19)喟(kuì)然:长叹的样子。 (20)与.赞许,同意。 (21)唯.语首词,没有什么意义。 (22)之.相当于“其"。 子路问孔子,听到了就马上去干吗?听到了就立刻行动吗?孔子说,您有父亲、兄长在,怎么可以不考虑父兄、问问父兄的意见就立刻行动呢? 子路这个人行动力非常强,往前面冲,他只要听到什么对的了,就去做,还没做完,就非常怕听到新的理论,因为旧的还没做完呢。孔子说子路是暴虎冯河,渡河都不考虑周全,就想跳下去就渡河,也说子路有勇无谋。 子路以为孔子打仗一定带自己,孔子说,不带他,只带哪些临事而惧、好谋而成的人。就是要带那些碰到问题了,多想想,考虑周全,然后争取把事情给办成了的人,而不是一上来,就冲啊冲,干啊干。由于子路这个人行动力非常强,所以孔子就劝子路,您要多考虑考虑,也要问问父兄的意见,再行动不迟。 如果一个人的行动力过强,不考虑谋划,这个人往往会徒劳,甚至会伤害到自己,干很多事情都是劳而无功。所以,孔子还是希望子路能好谋而成,有勇有谋。