論語
公冶长

第111章

5.19
原文
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译文
子张问道:"令尹子文几度出任令尹,面无喜色;几度被罢免,面无愠色。每次离任,必将旧日政务详细告知新任令尹。此人如何?"孔子说:"忠诚啊。"子张又问:"可算得上仁了吗?"孔子说:"尚未可知,这怎么能算仁呢?"子张又说:"崔子弑杀齐君,陈文子有马十乘,弃之而去,离开那个国家。到了别的国家,却说:'这里的大夫,与我们的崔子一样。'于是又离开。再到另一国,又说:'这里的大夫,与我们的崔子一样。'又离开了。此人如何?"孔子说:"清白啊。"子张问:"可算得上仁了吗?"孔子说:"尚未可知,这怎么能算仁呢?"
ENGLISH

Zizhang asked: "Ziwen was appointed Chief Minister of Chu on several occasions, yet showed no sign of pleasure; he was dismissed on several occasions, yet showed no sign of resentment. Each time he left office, he invariably gave a full account of all government affairs to the incoming minister. What do you make of him?" The Master said: "He was loyal." Zizhang asked: "Was he not then humane?" The Master said: "I cannot say — how could that alone suffice for humaneness?" Zizhang continued: "Cui Zhu assassinated the lord of Qi. Chen Wenzi, who owned ten teams of horses, abandoned all his wealth and left the state. Coming to another state, he said: 'The ministers here are no better than our Cui Zhu.' And so he departed. Arriving in yet another state, he said again: 'The ministers here are no better than our Cui Zhu.' And departed once more. What do you make of him?" The Master said: "He was pure." Zizhang asked: "Was he not then humane?" The Master said: "I cannot say — how could that alone suffice for humaneness?"

注释
展开注释
①令尹.楚国的官名,相当于宰相。子文:姓斗,名彀(gòu)於(wū)菟(tú),字子文,楚国贤相。三仕三已的“三”不是实指,而是概数,可译为“几”。 ②崔子:崔杼,齐国的大夫,曾杀掉他的国君齐庄公。弑(shì)古代在下的人杀掉在上的人叫“弑”。 ③陈文子:齐国大夫,名须无。 ④违.离开。 孔子说,臧文仲这个人,养乌龟,成天把鸟龟当成神来祭拜。给这个乌龟建立了豪华的房子,这房子上啊,雕得有山有水的。这个人,能算有智慧吗?显然是一个没有智慧的人。祭祀,不是用来玩的,不是找个莫名其妙的东西来祭祀的。祭祀,是一种政治行为,是一种礼仪,一种形式,一种尊重。如果胡乱祭祀,是没什么好处的。显然,臧文仲这种祭祀,在孔子看来,就是莫名其妙、胡乱祭祀。跟国家、政治,什么礼仪都无关,纯粹是捣乱。 人的成功,不是靠祭拜一个什么神,这最多是一种仪式、礼节。而这种礼节、仪式,必须传统。人的成功,最终还是要靠自己的努力,自己的主观判断,自己的智慧。其实在古代,最高明的人,都是不相信鬼神、迷信的。他们都知道这些东西是用来驱动愚蠢的人听话的。而智者,还是靠着自己对形势的判断来做决定的。 一个高明的人,不是成天乞求别人以及鬼神施舍给自己的人。而是自己每天踏踏实实地做事,靠自己的智慧,聪明才智,以及勤奋,去赢得这个世界。现代社会,我也经常发现很多人把命运交给别人。比如,买彩票的人成天企图中奖一样,本质上,还是一种不劳而获的心态,还有的人成天不努力工作,看电视剧、电影、发呆、睡懒觉,却妄想每天都有高收入进来。妄想每天都有单子接。这些人,跟那些成天祭拜鬼神,乞求升官发财,多子多福的人没什么区别。 记住,您的命运不是掌握在鬼神手里,而是您自己手里。