Zizhang asked Confucius, "What must one do to be fit for government service?" The Master said, "Honour the five excellences and put away the four evils — then you will be fit for government service." Zizhang said, "What are the five excellences?" The Master said, "The gentleman is generous without being wasteful; he tasks the people without arousing resentment; he desires without being greedy; he is composed without being arrogant; he is dignified without being fierce." Zizhang said, "What does it mean to be generous without being wasteful?" The Master said, "To benefit the people through what is already beneficial to them — is this not generosity without waste? To assign labour that the people are fit to bear — who then would resent it? To desire benevolence and attain it — where is the greed in that? The gentleman, regardless of whether there are many or few, great or small, never presumes to be careless — is this not composure without arrogance? The gentleman keeps his robes and cap in proper order, holds his gaze with gravity, so that men look upon him with reverence — is this not dignity without fierceness?" Zizhang then asked, "What are the four evils?" The Master said, "To execute those who have not been instructed is called cruelty; to demand results without prior warning is called tyranny; to issue orders slackly and then insist on swift compliance is called robbery; and to be grudging in dispensing what must be given to others — this is called the way of a petty clerk."